Sains Malaysiana 52(10)(2023): 2919-2930

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5210-14

Kesan Penambahan Nanohidroksiapatit ke dalam Simen Ionomer Kaca terhadap Morfologi dan Sifat Biologi Bahan

(Effects of Incorporating Nanohydroxyapatite into Glass Ionomer Cement towards the Morphology and Biological Properties of the Material)

RISHNNIA MURUGAN¹, NUR NAJMI MOHAMAD ANUAR¹, NURRUL SHAQINAH NASRUDDIN² & FARINAWATI YAZID^3,*

¹Program Sains Bioperubatan, Pusat Pengajian Toksikologi & Risiko Kesihatan, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Jabatan Diagnostik Kraniofasial dan Biosains, Fakulti Pergigian, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

³Jabatan Kesihatan Pergigian Keluarga, Fakulti Pergigian, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 12 June 2023/Accepted: 10 October 2023

Abstrak

Simen kaca ionomer merupakan bahan pemulih yang digunakan secara meluas dalam     bidang pergigian. Namun, ia mempunyai beberapa kelemahan yang mengehadkan penggunaannya sebagai bahan restoratif. Nanohidroksiapatit (nHA) adalah bahan tambahan yang digunakan dalam simen kaca ionomer bagi mengatasi kelemahannya. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan penambahan nHA ke dalam simen kaca ionomer terhadap morfologi dan sifat biologi bahan melalui pemerhatian mikroskop imbasan elektron (SEM), ujian kesitotoksikan dan antibakteria. Bagi kesitotoksikan nHA terhadap sel MC3T3-E1, sebanyak empat peratus kepekatan nHA yang berbeza digunakan dalam asai MTT iaitu 0%, 3%, 4% dan 5% selama 24 dan 48 jam. Hasilnya, kesemua kepekatan nHA yang digunakan tidak menunjukkan kesan sitotoksik terhadap sel MC3T3-E1 dengan 4% nHA merekodkan keviabelan sel yang tinggi pada 24 dan 48 jam. Ujian antibakteria terhadap bakteria Streptococcus mutans dilakukan dengan ujian cakera difusi bagi tempoh 24 jam menunjukkan bahawa sampel yang ditambah dengan 4% nHA mempunyai sifat  antibakteria yang lebih baik dengan merekodkan saiz zon perencatan yang besar berbanding dengan sampel simen kaca ionomer sahaja. Berdasarkan pemerhatian morfologi SEM, rekahan dan zarah nHA yang        berbentuk bulat dapat dilihat pada simen yang ditambah dengan 4% nHA. Bagi analisis Serakan Tenaga Sinar-X (EDX), penambahan 4% nHA meningkatkan peratusan unsur atom kalsium, aluminium, silikon, fosforus dan fluorin. Penggabungan 4% nHA ke dalam simen kaca ionomer menyerlahkan morfologi simen dan meningkatkan sifat biologinya, justeru, ia sesuai digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan dalam simen kaca ionomer.

Kata kunci: Antibakteria; kesitotoksikan; morfologi; nanohidroksiapatit; simen kaca ionomer

Abstract

Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is widely used in clinical dentistry as a restorative material. However, GIC possesses some weakness that limits its usage. Nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) is an additive used in GIC to improve its properties. This study aims to determine the effects of incorporating nHA into GIC on the morphology and biological properties of the material through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cytotoxicity and antibacterial. For the cytotoxicity of nHA towards MC3T3-E1 cells, four different concentrations of nHA were used in the MTT assay, namely 0%, 3%, 4% and 5% for 24 and 48 h. Based on the results, all the concentrations of nHA used did not show cytotoxic effects on cells in which GIC with 4% nHA showed the highest viability at both 24 and 48 h. The antibacterial property of 4% nHA incorporated GIC against Streptococcus mutans bacteria was determined using a disk diffusion test for 24 h showing that GIC with a 4% nHA sample had greater antibacterial properties with a bigger inhibition zone size compared to GIC only sample. The SEM morphology analysis showed higher number of cracks and spherical nHA particles on the surface of GIC with 4% nHA sample. In Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis, GIC with 4% nHA samples showed an increased atomic percentage of elements calcium, aluminium, silicone, fluorine and phosphorus compared to GIC only sample. The incorporation of 4% nHA into GIC has enhanced the cement morphology and biological properties, thus it is suitable to be used as an additive in GIC.

Keywords: Antibacterial; cytotoxicity; glass ionomer cement; morphology nanohydroxyapatite

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*Corresponding author; email: drfarinawati@ukm.edu.my